Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit exceptional luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Despite this, the potential toxicological impacts of UCNPs necessitate comprehensive investigation to ensure their safe implementation. This review aims to offer a systematic

In this study, we present a novel strategy for the synthesis and characterization of single-carbon nanotube nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4|Fe2O3|FeO). The fabrication process involves a two-step approach, read more first immobilizing SWCNTs onto a suitable substrate and then incorporating Fe3O4 nanoparticles